Monday, November 12, 2012

Guest Post: Sport Specialization for Young Athletes

By Toby Brooks, PhD, ATC, CSCS, PES, YFS-3
IYCA's Director of Education & Research

 
In the United States, the model of Sport Specialization for Young Athletes has grown from an obscure practice employed by relatively few parents and coaches seeking to give their children and/or athletes every possible advantage over the competition to a now widely accepted and seemingly necessary step toward a promising amateur and potentially professional career in competitive sport.

While there is no doubt that early and frequent exposures to physical activity during the formative years is associated with a number of positive health benefits, the real question is whether or not the practice of early sport specialization can lead to athletic success, and secondarily injury resistance, later in life. Unfortunately for most overzealous coaches and parents, current research would seem to indicate that the answer is a convincing "no" on both counts.

Unfortunately, such information flies in the face of current sports participation trends in most communities. "Elite" teams and "travel squads" have been developed for athletes across many sports, some even forming for athletes at the age of five or six years old.

Despite the research on Sport Specialization for Young Athletes, many would argue that their young child has noted dramatic improvements as a result of these earlier sport exposures.

So who's right?

The International Youth Conditioning Association (IYCA), established in 2003 to provide much needed reform to the growing subspecialty of youth fitness and athletic development training, consistently points to one factor exclusive to the youth market. Unlike their adult counterparts, children are growing and their development is always in some state of flux. Simply put, nearly all training stimuli can be effective. The real question is which approach is optimal.

Recent findings provide ample evidence to the fact that early specialization can be linked to chronic injury, burnout, and early withdrawal from sport participation. Chronic overuse injuries account for approximately 50% of new injuries in pediatric sports medicine practices.

In particular, the developing skeletal system is especially at risk, with bone and growth plate injuries previously not observed in young athletes being seen with alarming and increasing frequency. These findings and other similar studies have led the American Academy of Pediatrics to suggest that athletes under the age of 12-13 avoid specialization altogether, opting instead for a broader based and sometimes less intense plan for physical activity. 


With dwindling opportunities for physical education in cash-strapped school districts and increasing competition within both school-based and private or public sports leagues, parents hungry for assistance have generated a demand for private training services catered especially to young athletes.

Instead of focusing on short term gains at the expense of long term sport enjoyment and performance benefits, Long Term Athletic Development (LTAD) programming like that used (by the IYCA) is designed to slowly and steadily develop motor skills and abilities over time, enhancing athlete enjoyment, ensuring healthy musculoskeletal balance and development, and gradually moving toward sport specialization only after an adequate athletic "base" has been established.

The end result is an athlete who is happier, healthier, and ultimately more effective when the significance of sport participation begins to increase during the teen years.

The IYCA summarizes the philosophy of LTAD quite succinctly. "What a growing and maturing body needs in order to remain injury free and develop optimal athletic skill is variety. With respect to training, this amounts to NOT having a hyper-focus on making a young athlete a better football player by only doing exercises in the gym that the NFL players would do. The strongest and fastest athletes in any sport are the ones who had the greatest diversity of training while they were young."

That said, parents and coaches are encouraged to analyze the sport exposures of the children under their care with a critical eye. While attempting to win the little league championship may seem like a wonderful goal, it should never come at the cost of what is best for the athlete's long term development.


Friday, October 12, 2012

"Train Like the Pros"?

This is a common marketing line, intended to inspire parents to sign their young athletes up for sport-specific training. It sounds great, right? Not so fast.

Here's my issue with this: the majority of young athletes have yet to master the skills of acceleration, deceleration, force production and reduction, or change of direction; does it make sense to enroll them in a program designed for professional athletes? Or even college athletes?

I've witnessed this multiple times. College students, who happen to play soccer or lacrosse or field hockey at school, are hired by one local company to 'train' young athletes in their sport. There is no evaluation. There is no movement skill work. There is no concern that the college athletes have no education in working with children, nor do they know how to correct incorrect movement. They simply know the drills their coaches had them perform last season, and presume that the kids (who must be athletic, right?) will, pardon the line, Just Do It.

I don't believe it's any different for professional coaches. They have a specific skill set, tailored to a specific sport and age group. Does that make them a great coach of young, developing athletes? Honestly, it really depends. Some coaches simply have the ability to adapt their teaching styles to any group, but I believe that is rare. Nonetheless, a professional program is unlikely to be suitable for a young athlete.

This all makes sense, yet parents continue to buy in to the hype. I get it; it's sexy. Any parent would love to say that their child is "working with professional Coach Whomever." We need to remember, however, it's about the kids; not about the coach. While we are fortunate enough to live in one of the two states in the US that still has a physical education requirement, junior high kids are still spraining ankles when the PE teacher has them run 'suicides.' High school athletes, especially girls, are still suffering season-ending ACL tears. Putting a young person into a program designed for much older, more physically mature athletes is asking for trouble.

We all know the phrase, 'learn to walk before you try to run.' We forget, though, that crawling, standing, and balancing all precluded walking. Ultimately, the goal is to allow kids to be active for life, regardless of their involvement in organized sports. Before considering a 'train like the pros' program for your child, be sure that he or she will be taught my someone who has been educated in teaching aspiring athletes the movement skills they will need to minimize their risk of injury. Be sure that there is an evaluation. When you meet the coach, be sure that he or she talks to your child as much, if not more, as he or she talks to you. Still not sure? Ask for referrals.

"Train Like the Pros"?

Let's get them out of college first.


Monday, October 8, 2012

Exercise as Corporal Punishment

There was a story today about a football coach in Iowa who was accused of using running laps, hills, and wind sprints to punish a player for negative comments made about the team. (I'll add the link to the original story at the end) While it was the article that got my attention, it was the responses and comments posted after the story that really made me want to write this post.

I was really disappointed and disheartened to read how many people supported the coach's position, because they felt that the kid 'had it coming' or 'it would help his conditioning,' among other reasons. It was also amazing to me to read how many adults simply write kids off as lazy because they don't want to move.

What do they expect? We are one of many countries dealing with an obesity epidemic, and aside from the poor quality of food being served in most school lunch programs - a rant for another day - the primary cause is lack of activity. Forty-eight of the fifty states have done away with a physical education requirement.

In an age when kids clearly need to be motivated and encouraged to be active, how can anyone possibly justify using exercise - running laps, doing pushups, etc - as punishment? It doesn't take an astrophysicist to know that forcing a kid to do something is not going to result in a positive response. This is a negative-reinforcement model; essentially, the coaches hope that the experience of running laps, or 'suicides'/line drills, or endless pushups, will be negative enough that the kid won't step out of line again, for fear of having to repeat it.

Personally, I think this is a cop-out; instead of opening themselves to learn how to better communicate with their athletes,it is simpler to send them off to sweat and suffer away from the team. As an aside, I think this type of abusive training is glamorized at times. Exhibit A: Jillian Michaels, of 'The Biggest Loser.' I was disgusted by her methods, not just because she was mean and abusive to her charges, but because she grossly misrepresented the experience of working with a fitness coach. If you were at home and needed to lose a significant amount of weight, and you watched that show, would you want to hire a coach?

My position is this: kids need to move. It is good for them to run, jump, climb, tumble, roll, and play. Active kids have higher self-esteem, fewer illnesses, better muscle to fat ratios, and they are statistically better students than their sedentary counterparts. The coach's job, beyond the obvious teaching of individual sport skills, is to motivate and encourage long-term compliance to an activity program...one that the athlete enjoys participating in.

Those of you who know me know that this is my philosophy. Teach the body to move. Make it fun and challenging. Encourage life-long activity. Laugh.

Yes, that pretty much covers it.

If you know of any young athletes who want to take their performance and conditioning to the next level, please share this blog with them!


Thanks,

Andrew


Here's the link to the original article:

http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/prep-prep-rally/iowa-coach-accused-corporal-punishment-forcing-player-run-154701889.html

Wednesday, August 29, 2012

September Athletic Performance Testing

Somewhere, your competition is training right now.

Training to be faster.

Stronger.

Quicker.

...but will that make them better?

What about you?

Do you have a plan?

A program to become your opponent's worst nightmare?

A way to be more than faster, stronger & quicker?

NO??

Let's get you started, then! We need a baseline - a measurement of your current level of physical performance. During the month of September, 30-minute Athletic Performance Evaluations, normally $75, are only $29.

Special 'Members Only' Offer - if you are a member of a local athletic club, team, or organization, your evaluation is free when you show your membership / ID card.

If you belong to a...

Tennis Club,

Ice Hockey League,

Soccer League,

High School Athletic Team...

or similar program, bring your membership card or ID (school ID for HS athletes) for your complementary evaluation.

Find out where you stand!

Call 847 877 6673 or email today to schedule your Athletic Assessment!

Friday, April 20, 2012

Special Guest Post - 

Assessing Trainer/Coach Credibility In The Internet Age

By Mike Boyle
Functional Strength Coach 4

I wrote this over a year ago and have been a little hesitant to post it. A recent Strengthcoachblog.com post got me to sit down and finish this article. Tim Edgerton, a UK strength and conditioning coach, named me the most influential man is strength and conditioning the other day which was cool. However the rest of the list was at least half non-coaches. There were a bunch of academic NSCA types, a few internet marketers and a few coaches. As I said in my previous post, this made me think.

The “how to get rich on the internet” business is thriving in fitness and strength and conditioning. New products are launched every month. I’m sure many of you reading this are saying “ you have a paid website, you just did FSC 3.0, who are you to talk”? Legitimate questions. However, the fact is my website sells content. Good content, updated every week. I’m not simply picking up affiliate commissions for using my list to sell another program.

I’m actually a bit tired of internet marketing. It always seems to be similar guys selling similar products. The same resumes.
“__________ is one of the worlds most sought after experts in the field of strength and conditioning and ….”.

Next time you consider buying a product, ask yourself a few simple questions.
1- Is the seller actually one of the world’s most sought after experts in any area?
2- Does the seller make his or her living in the area in which they are selling a product or do they make their living selling the product? In Alwyn Cosgrove’s words “have they been there, done that and, are they still doing it?”
3- Has the seller ever made a consistent living actually coaching, training or helping people lose weight?
4- What does the seller do every day? Do they sit at a computer and write effective sales copy or do they work in the field?
5- Are they making money by telling you how to make money?
6- Did they ever make a substantial amount of money doing what they are selling?
7- Is their resume legitimate or have they inflated their qualifications and client list?

If you don’t know the answer, do a little searching and find out. You might be surprised at what you learn. I think there are a lot of Bernie Madoff’s in fitness. Look at the last name, Madoff. Like “made off” with your money? I may sound cynical but, I don’t want to bankroll some twenty five year old who just read Four Hour Workweek. Buying products is great. I have bought many and sold many. Just be sure when you buy that you are buying a product from a person who has done the work and succeeded.

Coach Boyle makes some great points here! One of my favorite quotes is: 'Six months of education repeated 20 times isn't the same as 10 years of experience.' Learning from a credible source - someone who is also always seeking to know more, and who can admit when a change of thinking is called for - is critical on any fitness journey. Coach Boyle is one of only a handful of people I trust to draw knowledge from. Last year, he released his 'Functional Strength Coach 3.0' program, and I found it groundbreaking. Now, I'm excited to announce that Mike Boyle is releasing his new program, Functional Strength Coach 4 on Tuesday, April 24th.

Functional Strength Coach 4 is Coach Boyle’s most up to date system cultivated from over 30 years of coaching everyone from general fitness clients to athletes ranging from junior high to All Stars in almost every major sport, that will guide you to better results with your athletes and clients. Click here to be the first to know about the all new Functional Strength Coach 4!

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

25 Years, 25 Mistakes

By Mike Boyle
Functional Strength Coach 4
originally printed on TMUSCLE

This year I’ll enter my twenty-fifth year as a strength and conditioning coach. Last month I watched Barbara Walters celebrate her thirtieth year with a special called “30 Mistakes in 30 Years.” I’m going to celebrate my twenty-fifth anniversary by telling you my top twenty-five mistakes. Hopefully I’ll save you some time, pain, and injury. Experience is a wonderful but impatient teacher. And unfortunately, our experiences in strength and conditioning sometimes hurt people besides us.
Mistake #1: Knowing it all I love Oscar Wilde’s quote, “I’m much too old to know everything.” Omniscience is reserved for the young. As the old saying goes, you have one mouth and two ears for a reason. I’d take it a step further and say the ratio is four to one: two eyes, two ears, and one mouth.
To continue down the cliché road, how about this one: “It’s what you learn after you know it all that counts.” When I was young I had many answers and few questions. I knew the best way to do everything. Now that I’m older I’m not sure if I even know a good way to do anything.
Mistake #2: Not taking interns sooner
I was so smart that no one was smart enough to help me. (See mistake number one.) My productivity increased drastically when I began to take interns.
Note: Interns aren’t janitors, laundry workers, or slaves. They’re generally young people who look up to you and expect to learn. Take your responsibility seriously. Remember the golden rule.
Mistake #3: Not visiting other coaches
God, it seems everything goes back to number one! I was too busy running the perfect program to attempt to go learn from someone else. Plus, when you know it all, how much can you learn?
Find the good coaches or trainers in your area (or in any area you visit) and arrange to meet them or just watch them work. I often will just sit with a notebook and try to see what they do better than I do.
I can remember current San Francisco 49′ers strength and conditioning coach Johnny Parker allowing us to visit when he was with the New England Patriots and then asking us questions about what we saw and what we thought he could do better. Coach Parker is a humble man who always provided a great example of the type of coach and person I wanted to be.
Mistake #4: Putting square pegs in round holes
The bottom line is that not everyone is made to squat or to clean. I rarely squatted with my basketball players as many found squatting uncomfortable for their backs and knees.
It killed me to stop because the squat is a lift I fundamentally believed in, but athletes with long femurs will be poor squatters. It’s physics. It took me a while to realize that a good lift isn’t good for everybody.
Mistake #5: Not attending the United States Weightlifting Championships sooner
My only visit as a spectator to an Olympic lifting meet made me realize that Olympic lifts produced great athletes. I know this will piss off the powerlifters, but those Olympic lifters looked so much more athletic.
I remember being at the Senior’s when they were held in Massachusetts in the early eighties and walking away thinking, “This is what I want my athletes to look like.” Understand, at that time I was a competitive powerlifter and my programs reflected that.
Mistake #6: Being a strength coach
How can that be a mistake? Let’s look at the evolution of the job. When I started, I was often referred to as the “weight coach.” As the profession evolved, we became strength coaches, then strength and conditioning coaches, and today many refer to themselves as “performance enhancement specialists.”
All these names reflect the changes in our job. For too many years, I was a strength coach. Eventually I realized that I knew more about conditioning than the sport coaches did, so we took on that responsibility. Later, I realized that I often knew more about movement than the sport coaches too, so we began to teach movement skills. This process took close to eighteen of my twenty-five years. I wish it had been faster.
Mistake #7: Adding without subtracting
Over the years we’ve continued to add more and more CNS intensive training techniques to our arsenal. Squatting, Olympic lifting, sprinting, pulling sleds, and jumping all are (or can be) CNS intensive.
I think I do too much CNS intensive work, and intend to change that. My thanks go out to Jason Ferrugia for pointing out this one.
Mistake #8: Listening to track coaches
Please don’t get me wrong. Some of the people who were most influential in my professional development were track coaches. I learned volumes from guys like Don Chu, Vern Gambetta, Charlie Francis, and Brent McFarland.
However, it took me too long to realize that they coached people who ran upright almost all the time and never had to stop or to change direction. The old joke in track coaching is that it really comes down to “run fast and lean left.”
Mistake #9: Not meeting Mark Verstegen sooner
Mark may be the most misunderstood guy in our field. He’s a great coach and a better friend. About ten years ago a friend brought me a magazine article about Mark Verstegen. The article demonstrated some interesting drills that I’d never seen. I decided my next vacation would be to Florida’s Gulf Coast as Mark was then in Bradenton, Florida.
I was lucky enough to know Darryl Eto, a genius in his own right, who was a co-worker of Mark’s. In the small world category, Darryl’s college coach was the legendary Don Chu.
Darryl arranged for me to observe some training sessions in Bradenton. I sat fascinated for hours as I watched great young coaches work. Mark was one of the first to break out of the track mold we were all stuck in and teach lateral and multi-directional movement with the same skill that the track coaches taught linear movement. This process was a quantum leap for me and became a quantum leap for my athletes.
This was my step from strength and conditioning coach to performance enhancement specialist (although I never refer to myself as the latter). The key to this process was accepting the fact that Mark and his co-workers were far ahead of me in this critical area.
Mistake #10: Copying plyometric programs
This goes back to the track coach thing. I believe I injured a few athletes in my career by simply taking what I was told and attempting to do it with my athletes. I’ve since learned to filter information better, but the way I learned was through trial and error… and the error probably resulted in sore knees or sore backs for my athletes.
Track jumpers are unique and clearly are involved in track and field because they’re suited for it. What’s good for a long jumper is probably not good for a football lineman. It took me too long to realize this.
Mistake #11: Copying any programs
Luckily for me, I rarely copied strength programs when training my athletes. This mistake might be beyond the statute of limitations as it was more than twenty-five years ago.
I think copying the training programs of great powerlifters like George Frenn and Roger Estep left me with the sore back and bad shoulders I’ve carried around for the last twenty-five years. What works for the genetically gifted probably won’t work for the genetically average.
Mistake #12: Not teaching my athletes to snatch sooner
We’ve done snatches for probably the last seven or eight years. The snatch is a great lift that’s easier to learn than the clean and has greater athletic carryover. Take the time to try it and study it. You’ll thank me.
Mistake #13: Starting to teach snatches with a snatch grip
When I realized that snatches would be a great lift for my athletes I began to implement them into my programs. Within a week some athletes complained of shoulder pain. In two weeks, so many complained that I took snatches out of the program. It wasn’t until I revisited the snatch with a clean grip that I truly began to see the benefits.
Just remember, the only reason Olympic lifters use a wide snatch grip is so that they can reduce the distance the bar travels and as a result lift more weight. Close-grip snatches markedly decrease the external rotation component and also increase the distance traveled. The result is a better lift, but less weight.
Mistake #14: Confusing disagree with dislike
I think it’s great to disagree. The field would be boring if we all agreed. What I realize now is that I’ve met very few people in this field I don’t like and many I disagree with. I probably enjoy life more now that I don’t feel compelled to ignore those who don’t agree with me.
Mistake #15: Confusing reading with believing
This concept came to me by way of strength coach Martin Rooney. It’s great to read. We just need to remember that in spite of the best efforts of editors, what we read may not always be true.
If the book is more than two years old, there’s a good chance even the author no longer agrees with all the information in it. Read often, but read analytically.
Mistake #16: Listening to paid experts
Early on, many of us were duped by the people from companies like Cybex or Nautilus. Their experts proclaimed their systems to be the future, but now the cam and isokinetics are the past. Just as in any other field, people will say things for money.
Mistake #17: Not attending one seminar per year just as a participant
I speak approximately twenty times a year. Most times I stay and listen to the other speakers. If you don’t do continuing education, start. If you work in the continuing education field, go to at least one seminar given by an expert in your field as a participant.
(Note: Mistakes 18-25 are more personal than professional, but keep reading!)
Mistake #18: Not taking enough vacation time
When I first worked at Boston University we were allowed two weeks paid vacation. For the first ten years I never took more than one.
Usually I took off the week between Christmas and New Years. This is an expensive week to vacation, but it meant that I’d miss the least number of workouts since most of my athletes were home at this time. I think the first time I took a week off in the summer was about four years ago. My rationale? Summer is peak training time. Can’t miss one of those weeks.
I think there’s a thin line between dedication and stupidity, and I often crossed it. I think in my early years I was more disappointed that the whole program hadn’t collapsed during any of my brief absences. I felt less valuable when I returned from a seminar and realized that everything had gone great.
Stephen Covey refers to it as “sharpening the saw.” Take the time to vacation. You’ll be better for it.
Mistake #19: Neglecting your own health
This is an embarrassing story, but this article is all about helping others to not repeat my errors. Every year in February I’d find myself in the doctor’s office with a different complaint: gastro-intestinal problems, headaches, flu-type illnesses, etc. I had a wonderful general practitioner who took a great interest in his patients. His response year after year was the same: slow down. You can’t work 60-80 hours a week and be healthy.
Like a fool I yessed him to death and went back to my schedule. After about the fifth year of this process my doctor said, “I need to refer you to a specialist who can help you with this problem” and he handed me a card. I was expecting an allergist or perhaps some type of holistic stress expert. Instead I found myself holding a card for a psychiatrist.
My doctor’s response was simple. I can’t help you. You need to figure out why you continue to do this to yourself year in and year out. I went outside and called my wife. I told her it was a “good news-bad news” scenario. I wasn’t seriously ill, but I might be crazy. Unfortunately, she already knew this.
Mistake #20: Not recognizing stress
Again I remember talking to a nurse who was treating me for a gastrointestinal problem. I seemed to have chronic heartburn. Her first question was, “Are you under any stress?” My response was the usual. Me? Stress? I have the greatest job in the world. I love going to work every day!
Do you know what her response was? She said, “Remember, stress isn’t always negative.” It was the first time I’d really thought about that. My job was stressful. Long days, weekend travel, too many late nights celebrating victories or drowning sorrows. A part-time job to make extra money meant working at a bar on Friday and Saturday until 2 AM, and that was often followed by drinks until 4 AM.
Sounds like fun, but it added up to stress. The lesson: stress doesn’t have to be negative. Stress can just be from volume.
Mistake #21: Not having kids sooner
As a typical type-A asshole know-it-all, I was way too busy to be bothered with kids. They would simply be little people who got in the way of my plans to change the world of strength and conditioning. I regret that I probably won’t live to 100. If I did I’d get to spend another 53 years with my kids.
Mistake #22: Neglecting my wife
See above. It wasn’t until I had children that I truly realized how my obsession with work caused me to neglect my wife. I have often apologized to her, but probably not often enough.
Mistake #23: Not taking naps
Do you see the pattern here? Whether we’re personal trainers or strength and conditioning coaches, the badge of honor is often lack of sleep. How often have you heard someone say, “I only need five hours a night!”
In the last few years I’ve tried to take a nap every day I’m able. As we age we sleep less at night and get up earlier. I’m not sure if this is a good thing. I know when I’m well-rested I’m a better husband and father than when I’m exhausted at the end of a day that might have begun at 4:45 AM.
There’s no shame in sleep, although I think many would try to make us believe there is.
Mistake #24: Not giving enough to charity
Most of us are lucky. Try to think of those who have less than you. I’m not a religious person, but I’ve been blessed with a great life. I try every day to “pay it forward.” If you haven’t seen the movie, rent it. The more you give, the more you get.
Mistake #25: Reading an article like this and thinking it doesn’t apply to you
Trust me, denial is our biggest problem.

P.S. – Mike Boyle is releasing his new program, Functional Strength Coach 4 on Tuesday, April 24th. Functional Strength Coach 4 is Coach Boyle’s most up to date system cultivated from over 30 years of coaching everyone from general fitness clients to athletes ranging from junior high to All Stars in almost every major sport, that will guide you to better results with your athletes and clients. Click here to be the first to know about the all new Functional Strength Coach 4!

Friday, February 10, 2012

Bigger, Faster, Stronger...Missing the Point?

In the quest to turn every young athlete into the best he or she can be, the concerns from parents and coaches are often the same: 'Billy's too slow', 'Becki can't jump', 'Jack's not quick enough', etc., For decades, the proposed solution has been to train youngsters to get bigger, stronger, and faster. True to form, the testing procedures that are valued my the coaches are all quantitative - how fast can your kid run a 40? What does he bench? How high can he jump?

Better questions would be, can Kelly effectively put force in to the ground? Can David land without her knee buckling? Can Jack change direction without spraining an ankle? The problem with qualitative analysis, and most training and conditioning programs, is that the focus is all on numbers, instead of how adept an individual is at essential movement skills.

It's not enough to adapt a collegiate or professional training program and run kids through it; the vast majority of kids haven't been taught the skills necessary to perform those drills. This is the same reason that middle school students regularly get injured during physical education classes while playing sports or doing 'conditioning drills.'


The focus of HyPerformance Athletics is to be sure that athletes of all levels are able to perform at their highest level while reducing the risk of injury. If you, or your young athlete, would like to experience the Hyperformance difference, call 847-877-6673 to schedule a free assessment.