Wednesday, August 29, 2012

September Athletic Performance Testing

Somewhere, your competition is training right now.

Training to be faster.

Stronger.

Quicker.

...but will that make them better?

What about you?

Do you have a plan?

A program to become your opponent's worst nightmare?

A way to be more than faster, stronger & quicker?

NO??

Let's get you started, then! We need a baseline - a measurement of your current level of physical performance. During the month of September, 30-minute Athletic Performance Evaluations, normally $75, are only $29.

Special 'Members Only' Offer - if you are a member of a local athletic club, team, or organization, your evaluation is free when you show your membership / ID card.

If you belong to a...

Tennis Club,

Ice Hockey League,

Soccer League,

High School Athletic Team...

or similar program, bring your membership card or ID (school ID for HS athletes) for your complementary evaluation.

Find out where you stand!

Call 847 877 6673 or email today to schedule your Athletic Assessment!

Friday, April 20, 2012

Special Guest Post - 

Assessing Trainer/Coach Credibility In The Internet Age

By Mike Boyle
Functional Strength Coach 4

I wrote this over a year ago and have been a little hesitant to post it. A recent Strengthcoachblog.com post got me to sit down and finish this article. Tim Edgerton, a UK strength and conditioning coach, named me the most influential man is strength and conditioning the other day which was cool. However the rest of the list was at least half non-coaches. There were a bunch of academic NSCA types, a few internet marketers and a few coaches. As I said in my previous post, this made me think.

The “how to get rich on the internet” business is thriving in fitness and strength and conditioning. New products are launched every month. I’m sure many of you reading this are saying “ you have a paid website, you just did FSC 3.0, who are you to talk”? Legitimate questions. However, the fact is my website sells content. Good content, updated every week. I’m not simply picking up affiliate commissions for using my list to sell another program.

I’m actually a bit tired of internet marketing. It always seems to be similar guys selling similar products. The same resumes.
“__________ is one of the worlds most sought after experts in the field of strength and conditioning and ….”.

Next time you consider buying a product, ask yourself a few simple questions.
1- Is the seller actually one of the world’s most sought after experts in any area?
2- Does the seller make his or her living in the area in which they are selling a product or do they make their living selling the product? In Alwyn Cosgrove’s words “have they been there, done that and, are they still doing it?”
3- Has the seller ever made a consistent living actually coaching, training or helping people lose weight?
4- What does the seller do every day? Do they sit at a computer and write effective sales copy or do they work in the field?
5- Are they making money by telling you how to make money?
6- Did they ever make a substantial amount of money doing what they are selling?
7- Is their resume legitimate or have they inflated their qualifications and client list?

If you don’t know the answer, do a little searching and find out. You might be surprised at what you learn. I think there are a lot of Bernie Madoff’s in fitness. Look at the last name, Madoff. Like “made off” with your money? I may sound cynical but, I don’t want to bankroll some twenty five year old who just read Four Hour Workweek. Buying products is great. I have bought many and sold many. Just be sure when you buy that you are buying a product from a person who has done the work and succeeded.

Coach Boyle makes some great points here! One of my favorite quotes is: 'Six months of education repeated 20 times isn't the same as 10 years of experience.' Learning from a credible source - someone who is also always seeking to know more, and who can admit when a change of thinking is called for - is critical on any fitness journey. Coach Boyle is one of only a handful of people I trust to draw knowledge from. Last year, he released his 'Functional Strength Coach 3.0' program, and I found it groundbreaking. Now, I'm excited to announce that Mike Boyle is releasing his new program, Functional Strength Coach 4 on Tuesday, April 24th.

Functional Strength Coach 4 is Coach Boyle’s most up to date system cultivated from over 30 years of coaching everyone from general fitness clients to athletes ranging from junior high to All Stars in almost every major sport, that will guide you to better results with your athletes and clients. Click here to be the first to know about the all new Functional Strength Coach 4!

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

25 Years, 25 Mistakes

By Mike Boyle
Functional Strength Coach 4
originally printed on TMUSCLE

This year I’ll enter my twenty-fifth year as a strength and conditioning coach. Last month I watched Barbara Walters celebrate her thirtieth year with a special called “30 Mistakes in 30 Years.” I’m going to celebrate my twenty-fifth anniversary by telling you my top twenty-five mistakes. Hopefully I’ll save you some time, pain, and injury. Experience is a wonderful but impatient teacher. And unfortunately, our experiences in strength and conditioning sometimes hurt people besides us.
Mistake #1: Knowing it all I love Oscar Wilde’s quote, “I’m much too old to know everything.” Omniscience is reserved for the young. As the old saying goes, you have one mouth and two ears for a reason. I’d take it a step further and say the ratio is four to one: two eyes, two ears, and one mouth.
To continue down the cliché road, how about this one: “It’s what you learn after you know it all that counts.” When I was young I had many answers and few questions. I knew the best way to do everything. Now that I’m older I’m not sure if I even know a good way to do anything.
Mistake #2: Not taking interns sooner
I was so smart that no one was smart enough to help me. (See mistake number one.) My productivity increased drastically when I began to take interns.
Note: Interns aren’t janitors, laundry workers, or slaves. They’re generally young people who look up to you and expect to learn. Take your responsibility seriously. Remember the golden rule.
Mistake #3: Not visiting other coaches
God, it seems everything goes back to number one! I was too busy running the perfect program to attempt to go learn from someone else. Plus, when you know it all, how much can you learn?
Find the good coaches or trainers in your area (or in any area you visit) and arrange to meet them or just watch them work. I often will just sit with a notebook and try to see what they do better than I do.
I can remember current San Francisco 49′ers strength and conditioning coach Johnny Parker allowing us to visit when he was with the New England Patriots and then asking us questions about what we saw and what we thought he could do better. Coach Parker is a humble man who always provided a great example of the type of coach and person I wanted to be.
Mistake #4: Putting square pegs in round holes
The bottom line is that not everyone is made to squat or to clean. I rarely squatted with my basketball players as many found squatting uncomfortable for their backs and knees.
It killed me to stop because the squat is a lift I fundamentally believed in, but athletes with long femurs will be poor squatters. It’s physics. It took me a while to realize that a good lift isn’t good for everybody.
Mistake #5: Not attending the United States Weightlifting Championships sooner
My only visit as a spectator to an Olympic lifting meet made me realize that Olympic lifts produced great athletes. I know this will piss off the powerlifters, but those Olympic lifters looked so much more athletic.
I remember being at the Senior’s when they were held in Massachusetts in the early eighties and walking away thinking, “This is what I want my athletes to look like.” Understand, at that time I was a competitive powerlifter and my programs reflected that.
Mistake #6: Being a strength coach
How can that be a mistake? Let’s look at the evolution of the job. When I started, I was often referred to as the “weight coach.” As the profession evolved, we became strength coaches, then strength and conditioning coaches, and today many refer to themselves as “performance enhancement specialists.”
All these names reflect the changes in our job. For too many years, I was a strength coach. Eventually I realized that I knew more about conditioning than the sport coaches did, so we took on that responsibility. Later, I realized that I often knew more about movement than the sport coaches too, so we began to teach movement skills. This process took close to eighteen of my twenty-five years. I wish it had been faster.
Mistake #7: Adding without subtracting
Over the years we’ve continued to add more and more CNS intensive training techniques to our arsenal. Squatting, Olympic lifting, sprinting, pulling sleds, and jumping all are (or can be) CNS intensive.
I think I do too much CNS intensive work, and intend to change that. My thanks go out to Jason Ferrugia for pointing out this one.
Mistake #8: Listening to track coaches
Please don’t get me wrong. Some of the people who were most influential in my professional development were track coaches. I learned volumes from guys like Don Chu, Vern Gambetta, Charlie Francis, and Brent McFarland.
However, it took me too long to realize that they coached people who ran upright almost all the time and never had to stop or to change direction. The old joke in track coaching is that it really comes down to “run fast and lean left.”
Mistake #9: Not meeting Mark Verstegen sooner
Mark may be the most misunderstood guy in our field. He’s a great coach and a better friend. About ten years ago a friend brought me a magazine article about Mark Verstegen. The article demonstrated some interesting drills that I’d never seen. I decided my next vacation would be to Florida’s Gulf Coast as Mark was then in Bradenton, Florida.
I was lucky enough to know Darryl Eto, a genius in his own right, who was a co-worker of Mark’s. In the small world category, Darryl’s college coach was the legendary Don Chu.
Darryl arranged for me to observe some training sessions in Bradenton. I sat fascinated for hours as I watched great young coaches work. Mark was one of the first to break out of the track mold we were all stuck in and teach lateral and multi-directional movement with the same skill that the track coaches taught linear movement. This process was a quantum leap for me and became a quantum leap for my athletes.
This was my step from strength and conditioning coach to performance enhancement specialist (although I never refer to myself as the latter). The key to this process was accepting the fact that Mark and his co-workers were far ahead of me in this critical area.
Mistake #10: Copying plyometric programs
This goes back to the track coach thing. I believe I injured a few athletes in my career by simply taking what I was told and attempting to do it with my athletes. I’ve since learned to filter information better, but the way I learned was through trial and error… and the error probably resulted in sore knees or sore backs for my athletes.
Track jumpers are unique and clearly are involved in track and field because they’re suited for it. What’s good for a long jumper is probably not good for a football lineman. It took me too long to realize this.
Mistake #11: Copying any programs
Luckily for me, I rarely copied strength programs when training my athletes. This mistake might be beyond the statute of limitations as it was more than twenty-five years ago.
I think copying the training programs of great powerlifters like George Frenn and Roger Estep left me with the sore back and bad shoulders I’ve carried around for the last twenty-five years. What works for the genetically gifted probably won’t work for the genetically average.
Mistake #12: Not teaching my athletes to snatch sooner
We’ve done snatches for probably the last seven or eight years. The snatch is a great lift that’s easier to learn than the clean and has greater athletic carryover. Take the time to try it and study it. You’ll thank me.
Mistake #13: Starting to teach snatches with a snatch grip
When I realized that snatches would be a great lift for my athletes I began to implement them into my programs. Within a week some athletes complained of shoulder pain. In two weeks, so many complained that I took snatches out of the program. It wasn’t until I revisited the snatch with a clean grip that I truly began to see the benefits.
Just remember, the only reason Olympic lifters use a wide snatch grip is so that they can reduce the distance the bar travels and as a result lift more weight. Close-grip snatches markedly decrease the external rotation component and also increase the distance traveled. The result is a better lift, but less weight.
Mistake #14: Confusing disagree with dislike
I think it’s great to disagree. The field would be boring if we all agreed. What I realize now is that I’ve met very few people in this field I don’t like and many I disagree with. I probably enjoy life more now that I don’t feel compelled to ignore those who don’t agree with me.
Mistake #15: Confusing reading with believing
This concept came to me by way of strength coach Martin Rooney. It’s great to read. We just need to remember that in spite of the best efforts of editors, what we read may not always be true.
If the book is more than two years old, there’s a good chance even the author no longer agrees with all the information in it. Read often, but read analytically.
Mistake #16: Listening to paid experts
Early on, many of us were duped by the people from companies like Cybex or Nautilus. Their experts proclaimed their systems to be the future, but now the cam and isokinetics are the past. Just as in any other field, people will say things for money.
Mistake #17: Not attending one seminar per year just as a participant
I speak approximately twenty times a year. Most times I stay and listen to the other speakers. If you don’t do continuing education, start. If you work in the continuing education field, go to at least one seminar given by an expert in your field as a participant.
(Note: Mistakes 18-25 are more personal than professional, but keep reading!)
Mistake #18: Not taking enough vacation time
When I first worked at Boston University we were allowed two weeks paid vacation. For the first ten years I never took more than one.
Usually I took off the week between Christmas and New Years. This is an expensive week to vacation, but it meant that I’d miss the least number of workouts since most of my athletes were home at this time. I think the first time I took a week off in the summer was about four years ago. My rationale? Summer is peak training time. Can’t miss one of those weeks.
I think there’s a thin line between dedication and stupidity, and I often crossed it. I think in my early years I was more disappointed that the whole program hadn’t collapsed during any of my brief absences. I felt less valuable when I returned from a seminar and realized that everything had gone great.
Stephen Covey refers to it as “sharpening the saw.” Take the time to vacation. You’ll be better for it.
Mistake #19: Neglecting your own health
This is an embarrassing story, but this article is all about helping others to not repeat my errors. Every year in February I’d find myself in the doctor’s office with a different complaint: gastro-intestinal problems, headaches, flu-type illnesses, etc. I had a wonderful general practitioner who took a great interest in his patients. His response year after year was the same: slow down. You can’t work 60-80 hours a week and be healthy.
Like a fool I yessed him to death and went back to my schedule. After about the fifth year of this process my doctor said, “I need to refer you to a specialist who can help you with this problem” and he handed me a card. I was expecting an allergist or perhaps some type of holistic stress expert. Instead I found myself holding a card for a psychiatrist.
My doctor’s response was simple. I can’t help you. You need to figure out why you continue to do this to yourself year in and year out. I went outside and called my wife. I told her it was a “good news-bad news” scenario. I wasn’t seriously ill, but I might be crazy. Unfortunately, she already knew this.
Mistake #20: Not recognizing stress
Again I remember talking to a nurse who was treating me for a gastrointestinal problem. I seemed to have chronic heartburn. Her first question was, “Are you under any stress?” My response was the usual. Me? Stress? I have the greatest job in the world. I love going to work every day!
Do you know what her response was? She said, “Remember, stress isn’t always negative.” It was the first time I’d really thought about that. My job was stressful. Long days, weekend travel, too many late nights celebrating victories or drowning sorrows. A part-time job to make extra money meant working at a bar on Friday and Saturday until 2 AM, and that was often followed by drinks until 4 AM.
Sounds like fun, but it added up to stress. The lesson: stress doesn’t have to be negative. Stress can just be from volume.
Mistake #21: Not having kids sooner
As a typical type-A asshole know-it-all, I was way too busy to be bothered with kids. They would simply be little people who got in the way of my plans to change the world of strength and conditioning. I regret that I probably won’t live to 100. If I did I’d get to spend another 53 years with my kids.
Mistake #22: Neglecting my wife
See above. It wasn’t until I had children that I truly realized how my obsession with work caused me to neglect my wife. I have often apologized to her, but probably not often enough.
Mistake #23: Not taking naps
Do you see the pattern here? Whether we’re personal trainers or strength and conditioning coaches, the badge of honor is often lack of sleep. How often have you heard someone say, “I only need five hours a night!”
In the last few years I’ve tried to take a nap every day I’m able. As we age we sleep less at night and get up earlier. I’m not sure if this is a good thing. I know when I’m well-rested I’m a better husband and father than when I’m exhausted at the end of a day that might have begun at 4:45 AM.
There’s no shame in sleep, although I think many would try to make us believe there is.
Mistake #24: Not giving enough to charity
Most of us are lucky. Try to think of those who have less than you. I’m not a religious person, but I’ve been blessed with a great life. I try every day to “pay it forward.” If you haven’t seen the movie, rent it. The more you give, the more you get.
Mistake #25: Reading an article like this and thinking it doesn’t apply to you
Trust me, denial is our biggest problem.

P.S. – Mike Boyle is releasing his new program, Functional Strength Coach 4 on Tuesday, April 24th. Functional Strength Coach 4 is Coach Boyle’s most up to date system cultivated from over 30 years of coaching everyone from general fitness clients to athletes ranging from junior high to All Stars in almost every major sport, that will guide you to better results with your athletes and clients. Click here to be the first to know about the all new Functional Strength Coach 4!

Friday, February 10, 2012

Bigger, Faster, Stronger...Missing the Point?

In the quest to turn every young athlete into the best he or she can be, the concerns from parents and coaches are often the same: 'Billy's too slow', 'Becki can't jump', 'Jack's not quick enough', etc., For decades, the proposed solution has been to train youngsters to get bigger, stronger, and faster. True to form, the testing procedures that are valued my the coaches are all quantitative - how fast can your kid run a 40? What does he bench? How high can he jump?

Better questions would be, can Kelly effectively put force in to the ground? Can David land without her knee buckling? Can Jack change direction without spraining an ankle? The problem with qualitative analysis, and most training and conditioning programs, is that the focus is all on numbers, instead of how adept an individual is at essential movement skills.

It's not enough to adapt a collegiate or professional training program and run kids through it; the vast majority of kids haven't been taught the skills necessary to perform those drills. This is the same reason that middle school students regularly get injured during physical education classes while playing sports or doing 'conditioning drills.'


The focus of HyPerformance Athletics is to be sure that athletes of all levels are able to perform at their highest level while reducing the risk of injury. If you, or your young athlete, would like to experience the Hyperformance difference, call 847-877-6673 to schedule a free assessment.

Sunday, January 24, 2010

Is Stretching Unnecessary?

Saturday, January 23, 2010

Recently, it was reported in the Wall Street Journal that a Nebraska-Wesleyan study led researchers to not only question the idea of stretching, but suggest that the practice is unnecessary. Here's the link to the article, but be sure to come back to read my response! http://tinyurl.com/ygt4grv

Researchers or not, it seems to me that to say that we 'only need enough flexibility to avoid injury' and that we are 'born stretchy or not' are both grossly inaccurate. Flexibility and mobility go hand in hand; both are crucial for optimal motor function and coordination. Years of research support that statement.

While the relative flexibility of infants is not tested, it is pretty easy to see that, developmentally, babies are pretty similar in their flexibility. Aside from those suffering physical maladies, all babies pretty much press up, crawl, squat, and stand the same way. The timetables for these developmental steps vary, of course, but 99% of us all did it.

The researchers, or, perhaps more accurately, the author(s) are taking quite a leap from the data - that runners who are less flexible have greater running economy - to the conclusion that flexibility training is unwarranted. Dr. Knudson seems to be suggesting that, since the physiological effects of stretching last for only a short while, the practice is unnecessary. However, this is like saying that, since the positive physiological effects of one workout only last a short time after the workout itself, we should re-evaluate this whole 'exercise is good for you' idea.

The researchers correctly surmise that the runners with better economy are tighter because those tighter structures allow for more potential energy to be stored in the more elastic fibers. The body will settle into the motion patterns that allow it to perform optimally; collegiate 400-meter athletes have typically been competing in that event or similar ones for years. This is a good thing in this specific application, but, as we discussed, the same level of hip and hamstring tightness would not benefit other athletes (or normal folks) who move in multiple planes and directions.

I can comfortably say that it is highly unlikely that none of these runners are also elite soccer, hockey, or basketball players - the lack of ability to move in all directions would lead to injury in short order. Likewise, a sprinter who tries to lift something heavy from the ground to waist level, rotating during the lift, is likely to suffer a low back injury.

The most troublesome things for me regarding Dr. Knudson are his recommendations to use the sit and reach test to assess flexibility, and his suggestion to find stretching exercises on YouTube. The sit and reach test is still a standard in the medical community, but it really doesn't identify where any potential inflexibility lies. Could be the low back, the glutes, the hamstrings - all the results tell you is how far you can push a lever. As for suggesting that stretching exercises can be found on YouTube... that's just irresponsible.

P.S. - as an addendum to this post, let me add Mike Boyle's recent comments regarding the same post:

"To be honest, I am amazed that writers can make the jumps in reasoning that
they make with so little knowledge. In my opinion the author makes three
huge mistakes in the first two paragraphs.

1- The author studied distance runners. These are at best an interesting sub-group but have no real relationship to most team sport athletes.

2- The study used the sit and reach test as the indicator of flexibility. Any strength coach or fitness professional knows that this is a poor test as the test actually looks at movement across multiple segments. To call the sit and reach a hamstring test is really a display of ignorance. The truth is it as test of relative flexibility, which is often a problem, not an attribute.

3- Last but certainly not least the author states that the test measures elasticity. Flexibility, even if their measurements were valid and reliable, and elasticity are not nearly synonymous.

The end of the article gets slightly better but, not much. What the author fails to grasp is that the key is not the gains in flexibility but, the losses of flexibility over time.

Bottom line, neither the article or the study is very good."

Mike Boyle
http://www.FunctionalStrengthCoach3.com

The 'Perfect Pushup:' Pump-Up or Letdown?

Monday, January 18, 2010

So by now, we've all seen the product called the 'Perfect Pushup;' you know, the swiveling handles designed by a Navy Seal? (Should I disappear after this post, please contact the State Department) Will these plastic platforms get you pumped? Read on!

The premise of the Perfect Pushup is sound; the dual functions of the pectoralis major are horizontal adduction and internal rotation of the humerus, so the creation of an apparatus that allows for internal rotation during a pushup would seem to make sense.

The combination of a handle and a rotating base make the Perfect Pushup ideal for anyone with wrist extension problems. The handles also allow free rotation at the shoulder; for many, the ability to rotate feels more comfortable at the shoulder. The question is, however, are these benefits going to help you develop chiseled pecs?

In a word, no.

In order to effectively challenge a muscle, load is necessary. The body provides the load during the lifting and lowering phases of a traditional pushup - thank you, gravity. However, using the Perfect Pushup, the act of internal rotation is not loaded, so the newly available motion provides little if any benefit to the pushup.

In addition, I have to say that I have some issues with the "Power 10" workout being prescribed by the marketer. (I've posted the link to the video below) When watching the video, pay close attention to three things: hand position, pushup depth, and spinal position.

The hand position always changes from a neutral position to a pronated position; this change of position is being initiated solely by the forearm, and is not affecting the pecs in any way. More problematic is the possibility that novice users will not simply turn to neutral from the forearm, but will instead externally rotate the shoulder, operating opposite pec function.

Also of concern for the novice is the extreme depth of the pushups demonstrated by the model. This is well beyond what I consider a safe range of motion for a pushup. The further the humeral attachment moves from the sternal origin, the more stress across the shoulder joint. Most folks can't do a military, chest-to-floor pushup; I find it irresponsible to encourage such an extreme range.

Last, the spinal position of the model should not be emulated. By the time the model reaches the end of the 5 minute workout, his spine is extended enough to put undue pressure on the lumbar disks, and his chest is lifted enough to have created a near-decline pushup position - considered contraindicated by many joint experts.
(how the drill instructor believes that 'both sets of pec muscles' will be worked in this manner is beyond me, as some form of incline pressing is required to involve pec minor)

To conclude, the Perfect Pushup is a well-conceived product that may allow exercisers with wrist / shoulder limitations to more comfortably perform pushups, but the product does not take full advantage of the two motions performed by pec major, and is unlikely to deliver the amazing results 'as seen on TV.'

Here's the link to the Perfect Pushup Power 10 Workout:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRXs_VBaTCg

Posted by Andrew Eaton, CSCS at 8:17 PM 0 comments
Labels: bodybuilding, fat loss, muscle building, perfect pushup, power training, strength training

Treadmill Training for Speed is Stupid

Yes, you heard me. Stupid. I've seen websites and heard coaches who claim that treadmill training - and their "patented Super Treadmills" recruit more speed-enhancing muscle fibers than normal running.

And I think it's crap.

'Splain this to me, Lucy; if the treadmill is constantly moving beneath you, is it not helping to carry your leg backwards every time you plant your foot? How could it not? When your foot strikes a moving treadmill belt, the movement of the belt provides an assist in moving your hip into extension, meaning that neither the glute nor the hamstring need to work as hard to take the leg into extension.

How can that possibly increase recruitment of those muscle fibers?

Simple answer: it can't, and it doesn't.

You could set up a treadmill at a lovely steep angle, and a decent speed, and even attach a bungee cord to the user from behind if the athlete signed the waiver, but all that will require of the user is a really good sense of balance and an accelerated hip flexion action to keep pace with the belt and to match the deck angle.

We performance coaches have enough problems trying to get athletes to rebalance their tight hip flexors and weak glutes without 'sport-specific Super Treadmill' programs claiming to be the solution to speed training. If athletes are not learning to engage the extensors of the hip - in multiple directions - they are not going to last long without a visit to the training room.

Don't even get me started on the claims that "running" backwards on the same treadmills are also a component of performance training. Same problem: facing backwards, the moving belt carries the lower leg into extension at the knee. Will the quads burn? Sure they will, but from multiple repetitions, not from increased force development. The user is still in a slightly hip-flexed position, and is now just fatiguing the crap out of the quads. And this is good for....?

Want to engage those hip extensors? Get off the treadmill. Go to your local park/field/track, and RUN. Fast. Rest two or three times as long as your sprint. Do it again. Randomly change direction a few times.

Want a great leg burning workout? Find a hill. Walk up, emphasizing a dorsiflexed ankle and good hip extension. Once you reach the top, walk down, emphasizing the use of the quadriceps to decelerate as you move downhill. When you reach the bottom, head back up with the same toe-up, hip extension focus, but increase your speed. Alternate a walk up/run down with a sprint up/walk down. Lather, rinse repeat, get stronger.

There's not a single athletic event that takes place on a treadmill. Don't waste your time.

Posted by Andrew Eaton, CSCS at 3:21 PM 0 comments
Labels: performance, speed training, treadmill training for speed